Spectrum of the well-to-tank emissions intensity of global oil production, 2018

Sources

IEA “Oil and Gas Industry in Energy Transitions”

Notes

kg CO2/boe = kilogrammes of CO2 per barrel of oil equivalent; kboe/d = thousand barrels of oil equivalent per day. One tonne of methane is assumed to be equivalent to 30 tonnes of CO2 (the 100-year “global warming potential”). Although not strictly an oil refining process, NGL fractionation is included within refining since it converts liquids into usable oil products.