Cite report
IEA (2020), CCUS in Clean Energy Transitions, IEA, Paris https://www.iea.org/reports/ccus-in-clean-energy-transitions, Licence: CC BY 4.0
Report options
Annexes
References
A new era for CCUS
Australian Government (2020), Australian Government response to the Final Report of the Expert Panel examining additional sources of low-cost abatement (‘the King Review’), https://www.industry.gov.au/sites/default/files/2020-05/government-response-to-the-expert-panel-report-examining-additional-sources-of-low-cost-abatement.pdf, Accessed 20 August 2020.
Alberta Carbon Trunk Line (ACTL) (2020), The ACTL System, https://actl.ca/actl-project/about-actl/.
BMWi (Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und EnergieFederal [Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy of Germany]), (2020), Final decision to launch the coal-phase out – a project for a generation. https://www.bmwi.de/Redaktion/EN/Pressemitteilungen/2020/20200703-final-decision-to-launch-the-coal-phase-out.html, Accessed 4 August 2020.
Climeworks (2020), Breaking the record for the largest ever investment into direct air capture: Investment into Climeworks boosted to CHF 100 Million (USD 110M), https://climeworks.com/news/recent-investment-in-climeworks-has-been-boosted-from, Accessed 6 September 2020.
Congressional Research Service, (2016), Recovery Act Funding for DOE Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) Project, https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R44387.pdf.
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) (2020a), U.S. Department of Energy Announces $131 Million for CCUS Technologies, https://www.energy.gov/articles/us-department-energy-announces-131-million-ccus-technologies, Accessed 10 July 2020.
DOE (2020b), DOE Dedicated to Innovating Technology That Keeps our Air, Water, and Land Clean While Providing American Jobs, https://www.energy.gov/articles/doe-dedicated-innovating-technology-keeps-our-air-water-and-land-clean-while-providing, Accessed 5 September 2020.
EFTA Surveillance Authority (ESA) (2020). ESA approves Norwegian Full-Scale Carbon Capture and Storage: up to €2.1bn in aid to meet climate goals, https://www.eftasurv.int/newsroom/updates/esa-approves-norwegian-full-scale-carbon-capture-and-storage-eu21bn-aid-meet, Accessed 20 August 2020.
Equinor, (2020a), Historic investment decision for transport and storage of CO2, https://www.equinor.com/en/news/2020-05-northern-lights.html.
Equinor (2020b), Plan for world-leading clean hydrogen plant in the UK, https://www.equinor.com/en/news/plan-for-world-leading-clean-hydrogen-plant-in-the-uk.html, Accessed 20 July 2020.
Global carbon capture and storage institute (GCCSI), (2019), The Global Status of CCS 2019: Targeting Climate Change. https://www.globalccsinstitute.com/resources/global-status-report/, Accessed 4 June 2020.
GCCSI (2020), Facilities Database, https://co2re.co/FacilityData, Accessed 4 August 2020
International Energy Agency (IEA). (2009), Technology Roadmap: Carbon Capture and Storage 2009, Paris, France.
IEA. (2016), 20 Years of Carbon Capture and Storage, Paris, France.
IEA (2017), We can’t let Kemper slow the progress of carbon capture and storage, Paris, Accessed 4 August 2020.
IEA (2019a), The Future of Hydrogen, accessed March 4, 2020.
IEA (2019b), What would it take to limit the global temperature rise to 1.5°C?, accessed 4 August 2020.
IEA (2019c), Putting CO2 to Use, Paris, France.
IEA (2020a), Energy Technology Perspectives 2020, Paris, France.
IEA (2020b), World Energy Investment 2020, Paris, France
IEA (2020c), Sustainable Recovery, World Energy Outlook Special Report, Paris, France.
International CCS Knowledge Centre (2018), The Shand CCS Feasibility Study Public Report, https://ccsknowledge.com/pub/documents/publications/Shand%20CCS%20Feasibility%20Study%20Public%20_Full%20Report_NOV2018.pdf, Accessed 20 July 2020.
METI (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry) (2019), Roadmap for Carbon Recycling Technologies, METI, www.meti.go.jp/press/2019/06/20190607002/20190607002-2.pdf, Accessed 20 July 2020.
Microsoft (2020), Microsoft will be carbon negative by 2030, https://blogs.microsoft.com/blog/2020/01/16/microsoft-will-be-carbon-negative-by-2030/, Accessed 2 August 2020.
Net Zero Teesside (2020), Project, https://www.netzeroteesside.co.uk/project/, Accessed 10 August 2020.
Northern Lights PCI (2020), CCS and the EU COVID-19 Recovery Plan - The positive economic impact of a European CCS ecosystem, https://northernlightsccs.com/assets/documents/Northern-Lights-PCI-Memorandum-Value-of-a-European-CCS-Ecosystem-in-Green-Recovery.pdf, Accessed 20 August 2020.
NRG (2020a), Petra Nova - Carbon capture and the future of coal power, https://www.nrg.com/case-studies/petra-nova.html, Accessed 6 September 2020.
NRG (2020b), Petra Nova status update, https://www.nrg.com/about/newsroom/2020/petra-nova-status-update.html, Accessed 2 September 2020.
NRG COSIA XPRIZE (2019), Turning CO2 into Products, http://carbon.xprize.org, Accessed 10 May 2019.
OGCI, (2020), Talking Transition Building a global portfolio to enable CCUS, https://oilandgasclimateinitiative.com/building-a-global-portfolio-to-enable-ccus/.
UNFCCC, (2020), Communication of long-term strategies, https://unfccc.int/process/the-paris-agreement/long-term-strategies.
Zero Emissions Platform (ZEP) (2011), The Costs of CO2 Transport, Brussels, Belgium.
CCUS in the transition to net-zero emissions
Breyer, C. et al. (2019), Direct air capture of CO2: A key technology for ambitious climate change mitigation, Joule, Vol. 3/9, pp. 2053–2057, Cell Press, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JOULE.2019.08.010.
CarbFix (2020), The Carbfix Project, https://www.carbfix.com/, accessed 27 February 2020.
Carbon Engineering (2019), CE expanding capacity of commercial Direct Air Capture plant, https://carbonengineering.com/news-updates/expanding-dac-plant/, accessed 27 February 2020.
Carbon Engineering (2020), Direct Air Capture Technology | Carbon Engineering, https://carbonengineering.com/our-technology/, accessed 27 February 2020.
Climeworks (2020), Our Technology | Climeworks – Capturing CO2 from Air, https://www.climeworks.com/our-technology/, accessed 27 February 2020.
Daloz et al. (2019), The quest for CO2-free hydrogen – methane pyrolysis at scale, presentation, ARPA-E Methane Cohort Kickoff, Houston, https://arpa-e.energy.gov/sites/default/files/1%20Scale%20up%20BASF.pdf
EASAC (2018), Negative emission technologies: What role in meeting Paris Agreement targets? EASAC Policy Report, https://easac.eu/fileadmin/PDF_s/reports_statements/Negative_Carbon/EASAC_Report_on_Negative_Emission_Technologies.pdf (accessed 6 May 2019).
Fasihi, M., O. Efimova and C. Breyer (2019), Techno-economic assessment of CO2 direct air capture plants, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 224, pp. 9.57–980, Elsevier, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2019.03.086.
FuelCellsWorks (2020), Hazer Commercial Demonstration Hydrogen Project Receives Final Investment Decision Approval, fuelcellsworks.com/news/hazer-commercial-demonstration-hydrogen-project-receives-final-investment-decision-approval/.
Fuss, S. et al. (2018), Negative emissions - Part 2: Costs, potentials and side effects, Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 13/6, p. 63002, IOP Publishing, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aabf9f.
Global Thermostat (2020), A Unique Capture Process - Global Thermostat, https://globalthermostat.com/a-unique-capture-process/, accessed 27 February 2020.
Haszeldine, R. S. et al. (2018), Negative emissions technologies and carbon capture and storage to achieve the Paris Agreement commitments (Volume 376, p. 20160447), https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.0447.
Huppmann, D. et al. (2018), IAMC 1.5°C Scenario Explorer and Data hosted by IIASA, Integrated Assessment Modeling Consortium & International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, https://doi.org/10.22022/SR15/08-2018.15429.
HyNet (2020), HyNet - Hydrogen Energy and Carbon Capture, Usage and Storage, https://hynet.co.uk/#:~:text=HyNet%20aims%20to%20be%20the,the%20North%20West%20of%20England.
IEA Bioenergy (2013), Using a life cycle assessment approach to estimate the net greenhouse gas emissions of bioenergy, https://www.ieabioenergy.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Using-a-LCA-approach-to-estimate-the-net-GHG-emissions-of-bioenergy.pdf, accessed 23 May 2019.
IEA (International Energy Agency) (2018), Status of Power System Transformation 2018, Paris, https://www.iea.org/reports/status-of-power-system-transformation-2018.
IEA (2019a), World Energy Outlook 2019, Paris, https://www.iea.org/reports/worldenergy-outlook-2019.
IEA (2019b), The Future of Hydrogen, Paris, https://www.iea.org/reports/the-future-ofhydrogen.
IEA (2020a), Energy Technology Perspectives 2020, Paris, https://www.iea.org/reports/energy-technology-perspectives-2020 .
IEA (2020b), The Role of CCUS in Low Carbon Power Systems, Paris, https://www.iea.org/reports/the-role-of-ccus-in-low-carbon-power-systems.
IEA (2020c), Clean Energy Innovation, Paris, https://www.iea.org/reports/clean-energy-innovation.
IEA (2020d), ETP Clean Energy Technology Guide, https://www.iea.org/articles/etp-clean-energy-technology-guide, accessed 7 September 2020.
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (2014), Fifth Assessment Report, https://www.ipcc.ch/assessment-report/ar5/, accessed 21 May 2019.
IPCC (2018), Global Warming of 1.5°C, https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/, accessed 10 May 2019.
Keith, D. W. et al. (2018), A process for capturing CO2 from the atmosphere, Joule, Vol. 2/8, pp. 1573–1594, Cell Press, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JOULE.2018.05.006.
Minx, J. C. et al. (2018), Negative emissions - Part 1: Research landscape and synthesis, Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 13/6, p. 63001, IOP Publishing, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aabf9b.
Nemet, G. F. et al. (2018), Negative emissions - Part 3: Innovation and upscaling, Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 13/6, p. 63003, IOP Publishing, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aabff4.
NIB (Noordelijke Innovatie Board) (2018), The green hydrogen economy, http://verslag.noordelijkeinnovationboard.nl/.
Northern Gas Network (2018), H21 North of England – national launch | Northern Gas Networks, https://www.northerngasnetworks.co.uk/event/h21-launches-national/ (accessed 27 February 2020).
Norsk-e Fuel (2020), Norsk-e Fuel (webpage), https://www.norsk-e-fuel.com/en/, (accessed 30 July 2020).
S&P Global Platts (2020), World Electric Power Plant Database (purchased), April 2020, S&P Global Platts, London.
PoR (Port of Rotterdam) (2019), H-Vision: Blue hydrogen for a green future, www.portofrotterdam.com/en/news-and-press-releases/h-vision-blue-hydrogen-for-a-greenfuture.
Realmonte, G. et al. (2019), An inter-model assessment of the role of direct air capture in deep mitigation pathways, Nature Communications, Vol. 10/1, p. 3277, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10842-5.
Schäfer, A. et al. (2019). Technological, economic and environmental prospects of all-electric aircraft, Nature Energy, Vol. 4, p. 160-166, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-018-0294-x.
Smith, P. et al. (2015), Biophysical and economic limits to negative CO2 emissions, Nature Climate Change, Vol. 6, p. 42, Nature Publishing Group, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2870.
Voskian, S. and T. A. Hatton (2019), Faradaic electro-swing reactive adsorption for CO2 capture, Energy Environ. Sci., The Royal Society of Chemistry, https://doi.org/10.1039/C9EE02412C.
CCUS technology innovation
Acorn (2020), The case for re-using infrastructure for CO2 transport and storage.
Azzolina N. et al., (2016). How green is my oil? A detailed look at greenhouse gas accounting for CO2-enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) sites. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, Vol. 51, pp. 369-379, Elsevier, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2016.06.008.
Bellona (2018), An Industry’s Guide to Climate Action, https://bellona.org/publication/an-industrys-guide-to-climate-change, accessed 8 April 2020.
Bureau of Transportation Statistics, (2019), U.S. Oil and Gas Pipeline Mileage, Bureau of Transportation Statistics.
CarbonCure (2020), Find a Producer, https://www.carboncure.com/producers/, accessed 02 June 2020.
Carbon8 (2019), www.c8s.co.uk, accessed 10 May 2019
Cooney, G. et al. (2015), Evaluating the Climate Benefits of CO2-Enhanced Oil Recovery Using Life Cycle Analysis, Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 49, No. 12, pp. 7491-7500. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b00700
CRI (2019), The George Olah Renewable Methanol Plant, Carbon Recycling International (CRI).
Edwards, R. and Celia, M. (2018), Infrastructure to enable deployment of carbon capture, utilization, and storage in the United States, PNAS September 18, 2018 115 (38), https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1806504115.
Ferrari, N. et al. (2019), Effects of plant location on cost of CO2 capture, International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, Vol. 90, p. 102783, Elsevier, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJGGC.2019.102783.
GCCSI (2017), Global costs of carbon capture and storage, 2017 update.
GCCSI (2019), Global Status Report 2019, https://www.globalccsinstitute.com/resources/global-status-report/, accessed 6 September 2020.
Government of Alberta (2020), Carbon capture and storage, https://www.alberta.ca/carbon-capture-and-storage.aspx, accessed 3 September 2020.
Government of the United Kingdom (2019), Re-use of oil and gas assets for carbon capture usage and storage projects, UK.
He, X. et al. (2017), Pilot testing on fixed-site-carrier membranes for CO2 capture from flue gas, International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, Vol. 64, pp. 323–332, Elsevier, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJGGC.2017.08.007.
IEA (2015), Storing CO2 through Enhanced Recovery, Paris France.
IEA (2017), Digitalisation and Energy, Paris, France.
IEA (2018), World Energy Outlook 2018, Paris, France.
IEA (2019), Putting CO2 to Use, Paris, France.
IEA (2020a), Energy Technology Perspectives 2020, Paris, France.
IEA (2020b), ETP Special Report on Clean Energy Innovation, Paris, France.
IEA (2020c), World Energy Investment 2020, Paris, France, accessed September 7, 2020
IEAGHG (2013), CO2 pipeline infrastructure, Report 2013/18.
IEAGHG (2014), CO2 capture at coal based power and hydrogen plants, (IEAGHG, Ed.) (Volume Report IEA), http://www.ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/2014-03.pdf.
IEAGHG (2017), 5th Costs Workshop Proceedings, https://ieaghg.org/networks/costs-network, accessed 6 September 2020.
IEAGHG (2018a), Re-use of oil and gas facilities for CO2 transport and storage
IEAGHG (2018 b), Information Paper 2018-36: Update on the Shand Power Station CCS Feasibility Study by the International CCS Knowledge Centre, https://ieaghg.org/ccs-resources/information-papers, accessed September 6, 2020.
IEAGHG (2018c), TR03 Cost of CO2 capture in the industrial sector: Cement and iron and steel industries.
IEAGHG (2019a), New IEAGHG Technical Report: 2019-09 ‘Further Assessment of Emerging CO2 Capture Technologies for the Power Sector and their Potential to Reduce Costs’ - BLOG, https://ieaghg.org/ccs-resources/blog/new-ieaghg-technical-report-2019-09-further-assessment-of-emerging-co2-capture-technologies-for-the-power-sector-and-their-potential-to-reduce-costs, accessed January 2, 2020.
IEAGHG (2019b), Towards Zero Emissions CCS in Power Plants Using Higher Capture Rates or Biomass. IEAGHG Technical Report 2019-02.
IEAGHG (2019c), 2019-TR02 CO2StCap (Cutting Cost of CO2 Capture in Process Industry), https://ieaghg.org/publications/technical-reports/reports-list/10-technical-reviews/1037-2019-tr02-co2stcap-cutting-cost-of-co2-capture-in-process-industry, accessed July 23, 2020.
IEAGHG (2020a), Value of Emerging and Enabling Technologies in Reducing Costs, Risks & Timescales for CCS - BLOG, https://ieaghg.org/ccs-resources/blog/value-of-emerging-and-enabling-technologies-in-reducing-costs-risks-timescales-for-ccs, accessed 23 July 2020.
IEAGHG (2020b), The Status and challenges of CO2 Shipping Infrastructure.
IOGP (2019), The potential for CCS and CCU in Europe.
JRC (2011), Technical and Economic Characteristics of a CO2 Transmission Pipeline Infrastructure, http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/4ab1c4e2-398e-426c-b06f-1175d3c5a403.0001.02/DOC_1.
Kearns, J. et al. (2017), Developing a Consistent Database for Regional Geologic CO2 Storage Capacity Worldwide, Energy Procedia, Vol. 114, pp. 4697–4709, Elsevier, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EGYPRO.2017.03.1603.
Keith, D. W. et al. (2018), A Process for Capturing CO2 from the Atmosphere, Joule, Vol. 2/8, pp. 1573–1594, Cell Press, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JOULE.2018.05.006.
LEILAC (2019), Low Emissions Intensity Lime & Cement - A project of the European Union Horizon 2020 Research & Innovation, https://www.project-leilac.eu/progress-update-commison-continues, accessed March 5, 2020.
Manuilova, A. et al. (2014). Life Cycle Assessment of Post-combustion CO2 Capture and CO2-Enhanced Oil Recovery Based on the Boundary Dam Integrated Carbon Capture and Storage Demonstration Project in Saskatchewan,” Energy Procedia, Vol. 63, pp. 7398-7407, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.776.
NETL (2014), Cost of capturing CO2 from Industrial sources.
NPC (2019), Meeting the Dual Challenge - Report Downloads, https://dualchallenge.npc.org/downloads.php, accessed 8 January 2020.
NRCAN (2020a), Alberta Carbon Trunk Line (ACTL), https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/energy/publications/16233, accessed 3 September 2020.
NRCAN (2020b), Pipelines Across Canada, Natural Resources Canada.
OGCI (2017), Multinational CO2 Storage Resource Assessment.
OGCI (2020, https://oilandgasclimateinitiative.com/co2-storage-resource-catalogue/.
Onyebuchi, V. E. et al. (2018), “A systematic review of key challenges of CO2 transport via pipelines,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 81, pp. 2563–2583, Pergamon, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RSER.2017.06.064.
Peletiri, S., Rahmanian, N. and Mujtaba, I. (2018), CO2 Pipeline Design: A Review, Energies, Vol. 11/9, p. 2184, MDPI AG, https://doi.org/10.3390/en11092184.
Rao, A. B. and Rubin, E. S. (2006), Identifying Cost-Effective CO2 Control Levels for Amine-Based CO2 Capture Systems, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Vol. 45/8, pp. 2421–2429, American Chemical Society, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie050603p.
Rubin, E. S., Davison, J. E. and Herzog, H. J. (2015), The cost of CO2 capture and storage, International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, Vol. 40, pp. 378–400, Elsevier, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJGGC.2015.05.018.
Solidia (2020), Homepage, https://solidiatech.com/, accessed 06 June 2020.
US EPA (2018), Inventory of U.S Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2017 (as submitted to the UNFCCC).
World Bank (2015), Carbon Capture and Storage for Coal-Fired Power Plants in Indonesia. World Bank Group.
ZEP (2020), A Trans-European CO2 Transportation Infrastructure for CCUS: Opportunities & Challenges, https://zeroemissionsplatform.eu/wp-content/uploads/A-Trans-European-CO2-Transportation-Infrastructure-for-CCUS-Opportunities-Challenges.pdf.
Regional opportunities
ACCA21 (2019), Roadmap for Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage Technology in China (2019).
ADNOC ( 2020), ADNOC Announces Comprehensive 2030 Sustainability Goals as it Extends its Legacy of Responsible Production - Abu Dhabi National Oil Company,” https://www.adnoc.ae/en/news-and-media/press-releases/2020/adnoc-announces-comprehensive-2030-sustainability-goals, accessed 4 September 2020.
Bellona (2016), Manufacturing our future: industries, european regions and climate action - CO2 networks for Ruhr, Rotterdam, Antwerp and the greater Oslo Fjord., Brussels, Belgium, https://network.bellona.org/content/uploads/sites/3/2016/10/MANUFACTURING_OUR_FUTURE_-INDUSTRIES_EU_REGIONS_AND_CLIMATE_FINAL.pdf.
CO2StoP (2020), European CO2 storage database, CO2 Storage Potential in Europe (CO2StoP), https://setis.ec.europa.eu/european-co2-storage-database.
Committee on Climate Change (2019), Net Zero: The UK’s contribution to stopping global warming., www.theccc.org.uk/publications, accessed 4 March 2020.
Decarre, S. (2012), COCATE: Large-scale CCS Transportation Infrastructure in Europe., https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/241381.
DOE/NETL (2015), NATCARB/ATLAS, https://www.netl.doe.gov/coal/carbon-storage/strategic-program-support/natcarb-atlas.
DOE/NETL (2020), CarbonSAFE, https://www.netl.doe.gov/coal/carbon-storage/storage-infrastructure/carbonsafe.
ERVIA ( 2020), Carbon Capture and Storage, https://www.ervia.ie/who-we-are/carbon-capture-storage/,accessed 4 March 2020.
Fan, J. et al. (2019), Comparison of the LCOE between coal-fired power plants with CCS and main low-carbon generation technologies: Evidence from China, Energy, Vol. 176, pp. 143‑155. DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2019.04.003.
GCCSI (2020), Facilities Database, https://co2re.co/FacilityData, Accessed 4 August 2020.
GCCSI ( 2019), Zero Carbon Humber Campaign launched to Develop the world’s first zero carbon economy and decarbonise the North of England - Global CCS Institute, https://www.globalccsinstitute.com/news-media/latest-news/zero-carbon-humber-campaign-launched-to-develop-the-worlds-first-zero-carbon-economy-and-decarbonise-the-north-of-england/, accessed 22 January 2020.
HyNet ( 2020), HyNet - Hydrogen Energy and Carbon Capture, Usage and Storage.
IEA (2019), The Future of Hydrogen, Paris, France, https://webstore.iea.org/download/direct/2803, accessed March 4, 2020.
IEAGHG (2015), Carbon Capture and Storage Cluster Projects: Review and Future Opportunities, https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/2015-03.pdf.
IMO ( 2019), Addressing barriers to transboundary carbon capture and storage,” International Maritime Organisation.
Jiang, K. et al. (2020), China’s carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) policy: A critical review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 119, p. 109601, Pergamon, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RSER.2019.109601.
Kearns, J. et al. (2017), Developing a Consistent Database for Regional Geologic CO2 Storage Capacity Worldwide, Energy Procedia, Vol. 114, pp. 4697–4709, Elsevier, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EGYPRO.2017.03.1603.
Net Zero Teesside ( 2019), Partners - Net Zero Teesside, https://www.netzeroteesside.co.uk/partners/.
Noordzeeloket UK ( 2020), CO2-storage, https://www.noordzeeloket.nl/en/functions-and-use/co2-opslag/, accessed 8 September 2020.
Northern Gas Networks ( 2018), H21 North of England – national launch | Northern Gas Networks, https://www.northerngasnetworks.co.uk/event/h21-launches-national/, accessed February 27, 2020.
Northern Lights ( 2019), Northern Lights – A European CO2 transport and storage network, https://northernlightsccs.com/en/about, accessed 23 January 2020
OGCI (2019), Scaling up action - aiming for net zero emissions, https://oilandgasclimateinitiative.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/OGCI-Annual-Report-2019.pdf.
Rotterdam CCUS ( 2020), CO2 reduction through storage beneath the North Sea, https://www.rotterdamccus.nl/en/, accessed February 27, 2020.
Tel-tek (2012), Carbon Capture and Storage in the Skagerrak/Kattegat region, https://interreg-oks.eu/webdav/files/gamla-projektbanken/se/Material/Files/Kattegat/Skagerrak/Dokumenter+projektbank/CCS final report.pdf.
The ETI ( 2016), Strategic UK CCS Storage Appraisal
The Norwegian Petroleum Directorate ( 2020a), CO2 atlas for the Norwegian Continental Shelf, https://www.npd.no/en/facts/publications/co2-atlases/co2-atlas-for-the-norwegian-continental-shelf/, accessed 8 September 2020.
The Norwegian Petroleum Directorate ( 2020b), 7 - Summary - Storage capacities of The Norwegian Continental Shelf, https://www.npd.no/en/facts/publications/co2-atlases/co2-atlas-for-the-norwegian-continental-shelf/7-summary-storage-capacities-of-the-norwegian-continental-shelf/, accessed 8 September 2020.
UK Government (2020), Budget 2020, https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/871799/Budget_2020_Web_Accessible_Complete.pdf.
Wei, N. et al. (2015), Economic evaluation on CO2-EOR of onshore oil fields in China, International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, Vol. 37, pp. 170–181, Elsevier, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJGGC.2015.01.014.
WIRTSCHAFT.NRW (2020), Energy industry in NRW, https://www.wirtschaft.nrw/energiewirtschaft-nrw, accessed September 8, 2020.
Yi, Ming W. et al. (2020), Progress and Layout of Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage.
Zero Carbon Humber ( 2019), Zero Carbon Humber Infographic, https://www.zerocarbonhumber.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Capture-for-Growth-Zero-Carbon-Humber-V4.9-Digital.pdf, accessed 27 February 2020.
Accelerating deployment
CCUS Cost Challenge Taskforce (2018), Delivering clean growth: CCUS Cost Challenge Taskforce report, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/delivering-clean-growth-ccus-cost-challenge-taskforce-report
Element Energy, (2018), Policy Mechanisms to support the large-scale deployment of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)
Global carbon capture and storage institute (GCCSI), (2019), The Global Status of CCS 2019: Targeting Climate Change. https://www.globalccsinstitute.com/resources/global-status-report/
IEA, (2020), Clean Energy Innovation, IEA, Paris https://www.iea.org/reports/clean-energy-innovation
IEAGHG, (2012). Barriers to the implementation of CCS. http://documents.ieaghg.org/index.php/s/YKm6B7zikUpPgGA/download?path=%2F2012%2FTechnical%20Reports&files=2012-09%20Barriers%20to%20Implementation%20of%20CCS%3A%20Capacity%20Constraints.pdf
IEAGHG (2018), Enabling the deployment of industrial clusters, 2018/01, IEAGHG, Cheltenham
OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) (2020), R&D personnel by sector and major field of R&D, OECD.Stat (database), https://stats.oecd.org (accessed on 13 June 2020)
OGCI, (2020), CO2 Storage Resource Catalogue. https://oilandgasclimateinitiative.com/co2-storage-resource-catalogue/
Van Ewijk, S. and W. McDowall (2020), Diffusion of flue gas desulfurization reveals barriers and opportunities for carbon capture and storage. Nature Communications. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18107-2, Accessed 3 August 2020