Global annual improvement in primary energy intensity, 2010-2024, and by IEA scenario, 2022-2030

Notes

STEPS = Stated Policies Scenario, APS = Announced Pledges Scenario, and NZE = Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario. 2024 values are estimated. Energy intensity of the global economy is an indicator of energy efficiency, composed of total energy supply over gross domestic product. Positive percentages indicate a reduction in energy intensity year-on-year.