IEA public energy technology R&D and demonstration spending by technology, 1977-2019

Sources

IEA Energy technology RD&D budget, 2020; https://www.iea.org/reports/energy-technology-rdd-budgets-2020

Notes

Peak in 2009 was due to post 2007-08 financial crisis stimulus funding, especially in the United States. CCUS= carbon capture utilisation and storage. R&D = research and development, and includes spending on demonstration projects (i.e. RD&D) wherever reported by governments as defined in IEA (2011). 2019 is a preliminary estimate based on data available by late April 2020. The IEA Secretariat has estimated US data from public sources.